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Is CBD (cannabidiol) a drug?
Cannabidiol, more commonly known as CBD, has become a major topic of discussion in the world of health and wellbeing in recent years. Derived from the cannabis plant, CBD is often mistakenly associated with marijuana and its psychoactive effects.
Numerous studies show that cannabidiol is, on the one hand, not psychoactive and, on the other, may have the opposite properties and could help combat addiction.
The erroneous association of CBD with drugs has, unfortunately, delayed its study and use. Today, scientists are criticising the delay in research, given that the cannabinoid has the potential to alleviate many ailments without side effects. Is CBD really a drug?
This article aims to demystify this question.
CBD, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid
Cannabidiol, a cannabinoid found in hemp
Cannabidiol, better known by its acronym CBD, is one of hundreds of chemical compounds called cannabinoids found in the cannabis or hemp plant.
Cannabis contains over 100 different cannabinoids, but CBD and THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) are the most studied and best known. CBD is often extracted from the Cannabis sativa L. strain, which contains high levels of cannabidiol whilst having very low levels of THC.
Non-psychoactive effects: how CBD interacts with our endocannabinoid system
Unlike other cannabinoids, CBD has no psychoactive effect. This means it does not alter a person’s state of mind or cause a ‘high’. In fact, CBD interacts with our endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex network of receptors and neurotransmitters found throughout the human body, without impairing mental clarity.
This system plays a vital role in regulating numerous functions, such as mood, pain, sleep and appetite. Although CBD interacts with the ECS, it does not do so in the same way as THC. Unlike THC, CBD does not directly activate the ECS receptors, which explains its lack of psychoactive effects.
CBD VS THC: a drug?
THC is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis and is responsible for the ‘high’ or euphoric sensation associated with marijuana. In contrast, as mentioned earlier, CBD does not have this effect.
This distinction is crucial as it is often the source of confusion surrounding the classification of CBD as a drug. Although both compounds come from the same plant, their effects on the body and mind are radically different. CBD, without the psychoactive effects of THC, is considered by many to be a wellness alternative without the risks of altered consciousness.
CBD legislation and classifications
CBD is not a drug!
In France, as in many other countries, the term ‘drug’ refers to any psychoactive substance that can lead to addiction, have harmful effects on health or cause social disruption.
Although CBD comes from the cannabis plant, it is not classified as a drug due to its non-psychoactive effects. It is important to note that the concept of a ‘legal drug’ does not exist in France. Any substance classified as a drug is illegal, regardless of its severity or effects.
In France, the law stipulates that cannabis containing less than 0.3% THC is legal. CBD flowers are therefore not considered a drug if they contain less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol, which is psychoactive.
CBD in Europe: legal
At European level, CBD is generally considered legal. However, each Member State of the European Union is free to adopt its own regulations.
In most European countries, CBD is legal provided it is derived from authorised cannabis varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) and does not contain more than a certain percentage of THC, the psychoactive component of cannabis. It is always advisable to check local legislation before purchasing or consuming CBD.
However, it is worth noting that the European Union takes a dim view of unjustified crackdowns. Long illegal in France, it was a ruling by the European Court of Justice that made cannabidiol legal in France.
Cannabidiol in sport
The sporting world has long been divided on the issue of CBD. However, in 2018, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) removed CBD from its list of prohibited substances, recognising that it does not act as a doping agent and does not provide a competitive advantage. It is not a drug and is therefore permitted.
This has opened up opportunities for many athletes who use CBD as a supplement for recovery and pain management.
Why is CBD legal?
The legality of CBD is based primarily on its properties. Unlike THC, CBD is neither psychoactive nor addictive. If CBD had effects similar to THC, it would likely be classified as a drug and would therefore be illegal. The distinction between these two compounds is essential to understanding the legal classification of CBD. Research continues to show that CBD can offer numerous benefits without the risks associated with psychoactive substances.
Regulations surrounding CBD are constantly evolving, reflecting both advances in scientific research and shifts in public opinion.
Far from being a drug, CBD as a wellness ingredient
Relief from chronic pain
One of the most common uses of CBD is the treatment of chronic pain. Studies have shown that CBD can reduce inflammation and interact with neurotransmitters, which may contribute to pain management. It is particularly effective for conditions such as arthritis or muscle pain, offering a natural alternative to traditional painkillers.
Treatment of anxiety and mood disorders
CBD has demonstrated its potential to reduce anxiety in individuals. Research has revealed that CBD may modulate serotonin, a neurotransmitter crucial for mood regulation. This makes it beneficial not only for anxiety but also for conditions such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, unlike anti-anxiety medications, CBD does not appear to be addictive or cause severe side effects.
Neuroprotective potential
CBD is also being studied for its neuroprotective effects. It has shown promising results in the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy and multiple sclerosis.
For example, CBD has been approved in some countries to treat severe forms of epilepsy in children. Furthermore, preliminary research suggests that CBD may help prevent neurodegeneration associated with diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, although further studies are needed to confirm these effects.
Is CBD addictive?
CBD is not an addictive substance
The issue of addiction is a key concern regarding any substance. Studies conducted to date on CBD indicate that it is not addictive.
This means it does not cause the euphoric or ‘high’ sensation that can lead to dependence. Furthermore, research shows that CBD does not cause serious side effects when consumed in therapeutic doses.
CBD: less addictive than many authorised substances
It is essential to put the potential addictiveness of CBD into perspective in relation to other commonly consumed and authorised substances. For example, substances such as nicotine (found in cigarettes) or alcohol have a well-documented addictive potential.
Compared to these substances, CBD appears to be a much less risky option. Although caution is always advised, CBD is considered by many to be a safer alternative to other products.
The potential of CBD: the example of the opioid crisis
The opioid crisis in the United States has highlighted the dangers of addiction to prescription drugs. In response to this crisis, CBD is being studied as a potential alternative to opioid painkillers. Preliminary studies suggest that CBD could help reduce opioid use among patients suffering from chronic pain. Furthermore, some research indicates that CBD might even help treat addiction itself, offering a glimmer of hope in the fight against the opioid crisis.
In conclusion, although CBD is derived from the cannabis plant, it should not be confused with other compounds that can be addictive. Its non-addictive nature and potential properties make it attractive to those seeking a natural alternative for managing pain, anxiety and other conditions. As always, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional before using CBD. We can, however, already state with certainty that no, CBD is not a drug.
See also
Update on CBD legislation: cannabidiol and driving
